Current Issue : April - June Volume : 2013 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 6 Articles
To analyze the psychological impacts of the introduction of new portable electric transportation modes, we implemented an\r\nexperiment using a personal mobile vehicle (PMV). We investigated its effects on 2 types of the subjective quality of mobility\r\n(SQM): instrumental aspects including ââ?¬Å?easinessââ?¬Â and ââ?¬Å?speedââ?¬Â: and affective aspects including ââ?¬Å?enjoyment,ââ?¬Â ââ?¬Å?seeing scenery,ââ?¬Â and\r\nââ?¬Å?enjoying the atmosphere.ââ?¬Â The result indicated that PMV might contribute to the improvement of the instrumental aspects\r\nof SQM, but walking was regarded as more preferable in terms of the affective aspects. The results suggest that such a new\r\ntransportation mode could contribute to the improvement of subjective quality of mobility, if and only if it can be introduced\r\nin an appropriate situation....
Mobile sources produce a significant fraction of\r\nthe total anthropogenic emissions burden in large cities and\r\nhave harmful effects on air quality at multiple spatial scales.\r\nMobile emissions are intrinsically difficult to estimate due to\r\nthe large number of parameters affecting the emissions variability\r\nwithin and across vehicles types. The MCMA-2003\r\nCampaign in Mexico City has showed the utility of using a\r\nmobile laboratory to sample and characterize specific classes\r\nof motor vehicles to better quantify their emissions characteristics\r\nas a function of their driving cycles. The technique\r\nclearly identifies ââ?¬Å?high emitterââ?¬Â vehicles via individual exhaust\r\nplumes, and also provides fleet average emission rates.\r\nWe have applied this technique to Mexicali during the Border\r\nOzone Reduction and Air Quality Improvement Program\r\n(BORAQIP) for the Mexicali-Imperial Valley in 2005. We\r\nanalyze the variability of measured emission ratios for emitted\r\nNOx, CO, specific VOCs, NH3, and some primary fine\r\nparticle components and properties by deploying a mobile\r\nlaboratory in roadside stationary sampling, chase and fleet\r\naverage operational sampling modes. The measurements reflect\r\nvarious driving modes characteristic of the urban fleets.\r\nThe observed variability for all measured gases and particle\r\nemission ratios is greater for the chase and roadside stationary\r\nsampling than for fleet average measurements. The fleet average sampling mode captured the effects of traffic conditions\r\non the measured on-road emission ratios, allowing\r\nthe use of fuel-based emission ratios to assess the validity\r\nof traditional ââ?¬Å?bottom-upââ?¬Â emissions inventories. Using the\r\nmeasured on-road emission ratios, we estimate CO and NOx\r\nmobile emissions of 175Ã?±62 and 10.4Ã?±1.3 metric tons/day,\r\nrespectively, for the gasoline vehicle fleet in Mexicali. Comparisons\r\nwith similar on-road emissions data from Mexico\r\nCity indicated that fleet average NO emission ratios were\r\naround 20% higher in Mexicali than in Mexico City whereas\r\nHCHO and NH3 emission ratios were higher by a factor of\r\n2 in Mexico City than in Mexicali. Acetaldehyde emission\r\nratios did not differ significantly whereas selected aromatics\r\nVOCs emissions were similar or smaller in Mexicali. Nitrogen\r\noxides emissions for on-road heavy-duty diesel truck\r\n(HDDT) were measured near Austin, Texas, as well as in\r\nboth Mexican cities, with NOy emission ratios in Austin <\r\nMexico City < Mexicali....
Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have attracted extensive attentions in recent years for their promises in improving safety and\r\nenabling other value-added services. In this paper, we propose an efficient noninteractive secure protocol preserving the privacy of\r\ndrivers in vehicle-to-roadside (V2R) communication networks with the ability of tracing malicious drivers only by a third trusted\r\nparty (TTP), who is assumed to be fully trusted. Our proposed protocol can provide these complex requirements depending on\r\nsymmetric cryptographic algorithms. The drivers can change the symmetric key used for message encryption with each message\r\ntransmission and find noninteractively new values to be correctly used for verification and tracing in case of malicious behavior.\r\nThe advantages of symmetric cryptographic algorithms over asymmetric algorithms are the faster processing speed and the shorter\r\nmessage length which makes it suitable for real-time applications such as V2R communications. An efficient key revocation scheme\r\nwill be also described....
The Internet access from vehicular networks is gaining great interest from the research community. It is vital to constantly connect to the Internet for stably receiving cloud services on the road. Cloud computing refers to the provision of computing resources and services on demand based on the Internet. Proper Internet gateway need to be discovered and selects in an appropriate way to deliver the information and data services to the VANET users. This paper proposes a cloud- assisted gateway discovery mechanism for getting stable connection to the Internet with considering loading parameter of the gateway. The performance of the system based on packet delivery ratio is investigated. The packet delivery ratio of both the mobile gateways (MG) and stationary gateways (SG) is shown and compared in the simulation result....
A novel lane detection technique using adaptive line segment and river flow method is proposed in this paper to estimate driving\r\nlane edges. A Kalman filtering-based B-spline tracking model is also presented to quickly predict lane boundaries in consecutive\r\nframes. Firstly, sky region and road shadows are removed by applying a regional dividing method and road region analysis,\r\nrespectively. Next, the change of lane orientation is monitored in order to define an adaptive line segment separating the region into\r\nnear and far fields. In the near field, a 1D Hough transform is used to approximate a pair of lane boundaries. Subsequently, river\r\nflow method is applied to obtain lane curvature in the far field. Once the lane boundaries are detected, a B-spline mathematical\r\nmodel is updated using a Kalman filter to continuously track the road edges. Simulation results show that the proposed lane\r\ndetection and tracking method has good performance with low complexity....
This paper deals with the interface-relevant activity of a vehicle integrated\r\nintelligent safety system (ISS) that includes an airbag deployment decision system (ADDS)\r\nand a tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS). A program is developed in\r\nLabWindows/CVI, using C for prototype implementation. The prototype is primarily\r\nconcerned with the interconnection between hardware objects such as a load cell, web\r\ncamera, accelerometer, TPM tire module and receiver module, DAQ card, CPU card and a\r\ntouch screen. Several safety subsystems, including image processing, weight sensing and\r\ncrash detection systems, are integrated, and their outputs are combined to yield intelligent\r\ndecisions regarding airbag deployment. The integrated safety system also monitors tire\r\npressure and temperature. Testing and experimentation with this ISS suggests that the\r\nsystem is unique, robust, intelligent, and appropriate for in-vehicle applications....
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